Italian+Unification+Outline

Italian unification Outline  l. Obstacles facing Italy’s Unity a. frequent war and foreign rule i. people identify with local regions ii. invasions by Napoleon sparked Italians dreams of unity B. congress of Vienna ignores nationalists i. nationalists wanted to end foreign rule + achieve unity ii. nationalists create secret political societies in response iii. 1820-1848 nationalists revolt + Austria sends in troops each time C. nationalists leader Giuseppe Mazzini formed new Italy i. was part of a secret society that wanted to establish a free, independent, republic nation ii. helped set up a free republic in Rome D. unification benefits are seen i. although revolution failed it set the seeds for the future ii. common language <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">iii. common history <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">iiii. would help economy <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">ll. Struggle for Italy <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">a. <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">Sardinia <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">’s rulers Victor Emmanuel ll wanted to join with other states, increasing his power <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">b. Cavour becomes prime minister by Emmanuel <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">i. Reformed Sardinia’s economy with railroads, agriculture, and supported free trade <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">ii. main goal was to end Austrian power over Italy and annex the provinces of Lombardy + Venetia <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">c. Intrigue with France <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">i.Sardinia joined Britain + France against Russia <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">ii. Sardinia gains Napoleon lll’s interest <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">iii. Cavour made a secret deal with Napoleon lll which said Napoleon lll would help Italy if they fought with Austria <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">iiii. Sardinia fought them and defeated Austria <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">+ annexed Lombardy with France’s help <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">iiiii. other Italian states over threw the Austrian rule + joined Sardinia <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">d. Garibaldi’s “Red Shirts” <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">i.Guiseppe Garibaldi (nationalists + ally of Mazzini) wanted to create an Italian republic + started in the kingdom of the 2 Sicily’s <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">ii. accepted aid from Cavour <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">iii. 1860 had a force of 1,000 red-shirted volunteers <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">iiii. Cavour provided weapons + 2 ships and took control of Sicily + sent troops up to Naples <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">e.Italy is united <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">i. Cavour feared Garibaldi would set up his own Southern republic and urged Victor Emmanuel to send troops to deal with him <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">ii. instead Emmanuel overran Papal states + joined Garibaldi <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">iii. Garibaldi turned over Naple + Sicily to Emmanuel <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">iiii. Emmanuel ll crowned king of Italy <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">iiiii. Cavour died, but his dream was completed when Italy got Venetia from a deal with Bismark <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">iiiiii. during Franco-Prussian war France withdrew from Rome and Italy was united <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">lll. Challenges facing the new nation <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">a. Strong regional differences <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">i.nothern Italy was richer and had more cities that were business centers and the south was rural and poor <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">ii. south population grew + illiterate peasants could only make meager livings <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">iii. Italy vs. Roman Catholic church: the pope disliked how the papal states being taken by force and urged the Catholic Italians (most Italians) to not cooperate with the new government <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">b. Turmoil with government <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">i.under Emmanuel government made up of a monarchy + 2 house legislatures <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">ii. king appointed upper house (vetoed bills passed by lower house) + lower house which were elected representatives (few men could vote) <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">iii. Socialists who wanted to abolish government turned to violence <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">iiii. government pass laws to improve social conditions, but turmoil continued <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">iiiii. went to win oversea empire in Ethiopia to distract people from troubles at home <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">c. Economic progress <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">i.norhtern Italy industrialized which led to urbanization <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">ii. reforms to improve education + working conditions <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">iii. population growth led to immigration <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 13pt;">iiii. 1914 was better than 1861, but not prepared for the war that broke out that year